For many family farmers, farming is not just a job, it’s a way of life. Family farms take care of the environment, produce healthy foods, and support strong rural families and communities. But these family farms are disappearing across the United States. Policies that supported farmers have been replaced by policies that support agribusiness, and since the 1970s, farmers have had to “get big or get out.” The results have been disastrous.
To understand what has happened to farmers and rural communities in the U.S., we only need to look at Iowa, perhaps the most important and most productive farm state in the country.
Today, boarded-up buildings line main streets of small towns across Iowa as small businesses, churches, and schools have closed. Families have been leaving rural areas for decades because there are no longer any jobs or other ways to earn a decent living. And all of this has been caused by the decline of family farms and the rise of agribusiness.
Iowa has lost almost a third of its farms since the late 1970s: about 40,000 farming families. Instead of small, diversified family farms, Iowa – and most of rural America – is today made up of bigger and bigger farms planted “fencerow to fencerow,” producing just one or two crops: corn or soybeans.
U.S. farm policy used to ensure that agribusiness companies paid farmers a fair price. The government kept farmers from producing more than could be consumed. Called “supply management,” this policy curbed overproduction, ensuring farmers got a fair price and allowing smaller, more diversified family farms to thrive, which were better for the environment.
But Congress made big cuts to these programs in the 1970s. With farm policy no longer reining in overproduction, corporations have been able to pay farmers less and less for their crops. In response, farmers need to farm as many acres as possible – expanding into environmentally sensitive areas, overexploiting their natural resources, and using more chemicals – just to keep up and pay their bills.
Over 99% of Iowa farmland is sprayed with chemical pesticides and fertilizers. As a result of runoff, Iowa’s waterways are some of the most polluted in the country. These chemicals are also destroying the organic matter in soil, one of the state’s most important natural resources.
